Development and evaluation of biodiesel fuel and by-products from jatropha oil

Biodiesel is an environmentally friend renewable diesel fuel alternative. Jatropha seeds can be a feedstock to produce a valuable amount of oil to be converted to biodiesel using transesterification reaction. Jatropha plant has been successfully grown in southern Egypt using primary treated municipal wastewater for its irrigation. A bench scale production of biodiesel from Jatropha oil [using methyl alcohol and NaOH as catalyst] was developed with methyl esters yield of 98%. Biodiesel was produced on a pilot scale based on the bench scale experiment results with almost the same methyl esters yield of 98%. The produced biodiesel was evaluated as a fuel and compared with petroleum diesel according to its physical and chemical parameters such as viscosity, flash point, pour point, cloud point, carbon residue, acid value and calorific value. The experimental techniques and product evaluation results show that such properties of the produced biodiesel are near to that of petroleum diesel. A mass balance representing the transesterification process is presented in this study. Glycerol of 85% purity was produced and evaluated as a valuable byproduct of the process. Free fatty acids and sodium phosphate salts which have industrial interesting are also produced and evaluated

Effects of the major parameters affecting the clot formation

The effects of the major parameters affecting the clot formation such as time, temperature, and flowrate are investigated using a constant-low machine of a closed loop-circuit type. Furthermore, the effects of adding different concentrations of [heparin] as anticoagulant; capramol and [trasylol] are also investigation both stationary tanks and agitated tanks in addition to the closed loop-circuit of constant flow. The following relations were deduced from the results of this study: I] W[c] = 35.995 W[0.01 z]/ j[0.052] T [1.23] L[0.Iz6] where w[e] is the weight ratio of the clot. J is the time, t is the temperature, w is the angular velocity. L is the flowrate. Although the injection of heparin at low concentrations [below 5000 units / body] has no effect, yet at high concentrations [in the range of 15000, 20000 and 25000 units/adult body] heparin acts as fibrinolytic drug. Also it is shown that both [capramol] and trasylol reveal fibrinolytic activity, which is attributed to their known inhibitory action to plasmin